Vegetation Growth Dynamic and Sensitivity to Changing Climate in a Watershed in Northern China

Global climate change profoundly influences the patterns of vegetation growth. However, disparities in responses induced by regional characteristics are generally weakened large-scale studies. Meanwhile, distinct climatic drivers growth result different reactions types to variability. Hence, it is an extraordinary challenge detect and attribute changes. In this study, spatiotemporal distribution dynamic effects on from 2000 2020 were investigated normalized difference index (NDVI) dataset during growing season (April–October). we further detected climate-dominated factor between (i.e., forest, shrub, grass) within Chaohe watershed located temperate northern China. The results revealed a continuous greening trend over entire study period, despite slowing down since 2007 (p < 0.05). Growing-season precipitation (P) was identified as dominant 0.05), approximately 34.83% vegetated area exhibited significant response increasing P. continued warming-induced intensive evaporation demand caused slow down. Hereinto, areas with significantly positive forest temperature decreased 24.38% 18.06% addition, solar radiation (SW) corresponds SW-influenced increased 9.24% 2.64% 11.78% 3.37% forests shrubland, respectively Our findings highlight nonlinearity long-term trends variation cause divergence, which provide vital insights into forecasting future change.